A written story about the characters living in the house of the lady from “Mumu” by I. Turgenev. The main characters of "Mumu": brief characteristics Chief butler Gavrila from Mumu characteristics

Answers to school textbooks

3. How does the author describe Gerasim and is it possible to judge from this description the author’s attitude towards the hero? How did Gerasim work and why did his new activities seem like a “joke” to him?
The writer claims that “a person gets used to everything, and Gerasim finally got used to city life.”
How did Gerasim get used to his new life? Talk about it close to the text.
What was his closet like and why does Turgenev describe it in such detail?

Turgenev calls Gerasim “the most delightful person” among all the servants. Gerasim was a tall man of heroic build and deaf and dumb from birth. The creator writes: “Gifted with extraordinary strength, he worked for four - the work was going on in his hands, and it was funny to look at him when he was plowing and, leaning his large palms on the plow, it seemed that alone, without the help of a horse, he was tearing into the elastic chest of the earth , or about Peter's day he acted so crushingly with his scythe that he could even sweep away a young birch forest from its roots, or he deftly and non-stop threshed with a three-yard flail, and like a lever the elongated and hard muscles of his shoulders lowered and raised. The constant silence gave a solemn significance to his tireless work. He was a nice man and, if it weren’t for his misfortune, every girl would willingly marry him...”

From this description one can judge the creator’s attitude towards his own hero: Turgenev seems to admire Gerasim, his strength and stinginess towards work. Turgenev speaks of the solemnity of Gerasim’s tireless work, in other words, of his tirelessness and hard work.

Peasant work is very arduous, and the duties of a janitor in the town seemed comical to Gerasim, easy after the village labors. He's used to doing more.

Gerasim took a long time to get used to his new life. He could not fully talk with people because of his own muteness, and communication with nature replaced human warmth for him. Gerasim was bored and perplexed, just as perplexed is a young, healthy bull who was just grazing in a field where lush grass grew, but he was put in a railroad car. Everything around is roaring, squealing, and the train is rushing to God knows where.

Gerasim dealt with the new obligations of a janitor jokingly, in half an hour, later he stood for a long time and looked at everyone passing, waiting for an answer to his unspoken questions, or he threw a broom and a shovel and went somewhere in a corner, threw himself face down on the ground and lay on it for hours at a time. chest like a captured animal. Gerasim gradually got used to city life.

Gerasim's kennel was small and located above the kitchen. “...he arranged it for himself, according to his own taste: he built a bed in it from oak boards on 4 logs, a truly heroic bed; 100 poods could have been put on it - it would not have bent; under the bed there was a hefty chest; in the corner there was a table of the same strong characteristics, and near the table there was a chair on 3 legs, so strong and stocky that Gerasim himself used to pick it up, drop it and grin. The kennel was closed with a lock that resembled a kalach, only dark; Gerasim always carried the key to this lock with him on his belt. He didn’t like people to visit him.”

Turgenev describes Gerasim's kennel so carefully that, with the help of this description, he can show in more detail the character of the hero: unsociable, taciturn, strong.

4. Why are other heroes interesting - Kapiton (as he himself says about himself?), Gavrila, Tatyana (why did her beauty soon “jump off” her?)? How did Gerasim treat Tatyana? Tell the story of her marriage. How do the heroes appear in it?

Kapiton Klimov, a “bitter drunkard,” was a shoemaker for an old lady. Turgenev writes: “Klimov considered himself an offended and unappreciated creature, an educated and metropolitan man, who would not live in Moscow, idle, in some outback, and if he drank, as he himself expressed himself with emphasis and knocking on his chest , then I drank specifically out of grief.” When Gavrila told him that he was only eating bread for nothing, Kapiton answered offendedly: “In this case, Gavrila Andreich, there is only one arbiter for me: the Lord God himself - and no one else. He alone knows what kind of person I am in this world and whether I truly eat bread for nothing.” He states that he "is, however, a man, and not, in truth, some pathetic pot." He calls himself a wretched man. In marriage, Kapiton sees only pleasure for himself and does not feel his own responsibility for Tatyana. A year after the wedding, Kapiton completely drank himself to death and, together with his wife, was sent to the village by the lady.

Gavrila is the lady’s chief butler, a man “who, judging by his yellowish eyes and duck nose alone, fate itself seemed to have determined to be the person in charge.” When communicating with his lady, he constantly says with the “s”: marry, sir, it’s possible, sir, okay, sir, of course, sir, you want, sir. When Gavrila speaks to Capito and other servants, he does not use “s”. He is ready to do all the wishes of the lady, humiliates himself in front of her and, to please her, humiliates other people, and he, together with his senior companion Lyubov Lyubimovna, steals tea, sugar and other groceries from the lady.

Tatyana, a young lady of twenty-eight years old, was a laundress for a lady. She was assigned to wash only delicate linens. She had no relatives, except for her uncles who lived in the village, and everyone humiliated her and overloaded her with work. Turgenev writes: “She was of a very meek disposition, or, better said, downtrodden; she felt complete indifference to herself, and was mortally afraid of others; I thought only about how to finish my work on time, never talked to anyone and trembled at the mere name of the lady.”

We read an excerpt from Nekrasov’s poem “Frost, Reddish Nose,” dedicated to a Russian lady. According to Nekrasov, a lady is truly beautiful when her beauty is combined with a sense of pride and self-respect. From her youth, Tatyana was forced to work for two people, she had no pride, no self-confidence, and therefore her beauty soon “jumped off” her.

Gerasim was mute from birth, but he was not unresponsive, he had a sense of his own strengths. Tatyana was unrequited, she never spoke to anyone, in other words, she was mute as a person. Gerasim wanted to help someone, to protect someone, and saw that Tatyana needed protection. He gave her gifts and protected her from the ridicule of the servants.

She got married on the orders of the lady, who was not interested in whether Tatyana loved Kapiton. The butler forced Tatiana to pretend to be drunk. Gerasim did not like drunken people and pushed Tatyana straight towards Kapiton. A year after his marriage, Kapiton drank himself to death, and he and his wife were sent to the village. Tatyana kissed Gerasim goodbye in a Christian way. This was the only person in her life who felt sorry for her and cared about her.

5. It is known that this story is based on a real incident that happened to a janitor in Spassky, but after the death of the dog he remained faithful to his mistress and served her until his death. Do you think the writer did the right thing by coming up with a completely different ending to the story? What goal did he pursue and what did he achieve?

After the marriage of Tatiana and Kapiton, the only creature that Gerasim adored was a dog of the Spanish breed. Gerasim rescued the little puppy, went out and called him Mumu. When, at the behest of the lady Gavrila, he gave the order to Gerasim to strangle Mumu, the janitor carried out the will of the lady, but then went on foot to his native village. Gerasim wanted to prove that there is a limit to human patience, and he is not the kind of person who will allow himself to be humiliated and take away his right to free choice.

Turgenev wanted to arouse in his readers compassion for Gerasim, a protest against the arbitrariness of the ladies and all landowners in general, who arrogated to themselves the right to control the destinies of people. The writer says that even a mute person, deprived of the ability to speak, has a sense of self-worth that must be respected.

6.Prepare a brief retelling of the entire text and an artistic retelling (that is, with the maximum introduction of the artistic features of the work) of any episode (to choose from).

When Turgenev wrote this story, he recalled a real life incident that happened to a janitor in Spassky-Lutovinovo. That janitor remained faithful to his own mistress. But in Turgenev’s story, Gerasim leaves his lady. The Creator wanted to show that every person has the right to respect. Gerasim personifies the entire Russian people, who have endured suppression for a long time, but the moment will come when this patience will come to an end. Turgenev achieved that many noble readers, who also had their own serf farmers, began to relate to the people differently.

7. A short retelling of the entire text of “Mumu”.

One ancient lady who lived in Moscow took a mute peasant named Gerasim from the village and assigned him to work as a janitor. At first Gerasim felt bad in the town, but later he got used to it and did his job carefully. In the middle of the servants was the laundress Tatyana, a downtrodden and unresponsive lady. Gerasim fell in love with Tatiana, courted her and wanted to woo her.

But the lady took it into her head to marry Tatyana to the drunkard Capiton. Gerasim could not stand drunken people, and Tatyana was persuaded to walk around the yard, pretending to be drunk. Gerasim pushed Tatiana to Kapiton, after which the lady’s wish came true. A year later, Kapiton drank himself to death and was sent to the village along with his wife.

Gerasim was sad, but he rescued a little puppy from the river, fed him and became attached to him with all his soul. The dog was named Mumu. She adored Gerasim and was always with him; she woke him up during the day and guarded the house at night. One day the lady saw the dog and ordered him to be brought into the room. When the lady extended her hand to her, Mumu growled. The lady gave the order that the dog should not be in the yard immediately. Stepan, a servant, stole the dog and sold it. Gerasim found her for a number of days; later Mumu escaped and returned to Gerasim. The lady found out about this and again gave the order to remove her from the house. The butler ordered Gerasim to strangle Mumu. Gerasim drowned his dog, returned to the house, collected his things and left Moscow on foot for his village. The lady at first ordered him to be returned, but later changed her wish. Soon she died. Gerasim remained to live in the village as a boby.

8. Did you like the characters and their actions? Tell us about one of the characters in the story.

There are many different characters in this story. Basically, these are the old lady's servants: servants and hangers-on. All of them, not counting Gerasim, think about only one thing: to please the lady, and not to anger her. One of these characters is the bartender Uncle Tail, “to whom everyone respectfully turned for advice, although all they heard from him was: that’s how it is, yes: yes, yes, yes.” He is called to the council when they decide how to marry Tatiana and Kapiton. When it was necessary to take Mumu away from Gerasim, the barman looked out of the window “and gave orders, in other words, he just threw up his hands.” When Gerasim opened the door, Uncle Khvost locked the window, when Gerasim slammed the door, Uncle Khvost unlocked the window. At the end of the story, Uncle Khvost reasons with Gavrila, telling him: “Well!” In Russian there is a word for henchman. It is not in vain that Turgenev gives this hero the nickname “Uncle Tail.” By this he emphasizes that the barman has no idea of his own; his actions depend entirely on the command of those who are above him.

9.Why is the story called “Mumu”?

Turgenev called the story “Mumu” because that was the name of the dog that the main character adored. The love for this dog made his life satisfying, and the order to strangle it led to a protest and Gerasim’s departure from Moscow to the village.

10. The main character of the story is the mute Gerasim. What are his character traits? Tell us about this, supporting your words with quotes from the text of the work.

The main traits of Gerasim's character are a sense of self, compassion for the unfortunate, sensitivity, principledness, accuracy, seriousness, and hard work.

Gerasim forces the servants to treat him with respect: “they communicated with him by signs, and he understood them, carried out all the orders exactly, but he also knew his rights, and no one dared to sit in his place at the table.”

Gerasim condoled with the unfortunate and offended. At first he felt sorry, and later he fell in love with the unrequited Tatyana, rescued and rescued the unfortunate drowning puppy.

Gerasim's sensitivity helped him realize what he could not hear due to his own muteness. When the butler gathered a council in his own room, “Gerasim looked angrily and swiftly at everyone, did not walk away from the maiden porch and seemed to realize that something bad was afoot for him.” Gerasim himself figured out that Mumu disappeared not on her own, but on the orders of the lady. Turgenev writes how he tried to save Mumu, “sensing evil in his heart.”

Turgenev especially emphasizes the thoroughness and neatness of Gerasim when he talks about how the janitor set up a kennel for himself and how painstakingly he always cleaned the yard.

Gerasim was a stern man, he did not like drinking and took his obligations responsibly. He was a hardworking and strong man. Turgenev more than once mentions “the heroic strength of the mute.”

Describing the strength of Gerasim, Turgenev uses hyperbole, in other words, strong exaggeration. The writer says about the bed: “You could have put a hundred pounds on it and it wouldn’t have bent.” When Gerasim mowed, he could “sweep the young birch forest away from its roots.” He hit two thieves with their foreheads together in such a way that “at least don’t take them to the police later.”

In order to highlight Gerasim’s character, the writer compares him to a young, healthy bull, “who had just been taken from the field, where lush grass grew up to his belly,” and settled in the city, where the peasant feels like a “captured animal.” These comparisons help highlight his love of free living.

Literature and visual arts

To page 224

Look at the illustrations for the story in the textbook. Why are they interesting? Prepare illustrations or a description (oral) of the drawing for the story.

Many painters illustrated the story of I.S. Turgenev "Mumu". The sketch by the artist P. Boklevsky depicts Gerasim with a broom in his hands in the narrow courtyard of a capital house. Mumu sits at the janitor's feet. This sketch conveys Gerasim's strength and decisive character.

S. Boym’s illustrations depict two episodes of the story: Mumu’s behavior in the lady’s room and the episode of Mumu’s treat in the tavern. The first sketch is fascinating because it shows the movement of the lady when she says: “Mumu, Mumu, come to me, come to the lady...” At this moment the hangers-on fold their hands and say: “Come, come, Mumu, to lady..." The second illustration shows a metropolitan tavern. Gerasim sits at the table and looks sadly at his beloved dog. Mumu eats cabbage soup with meat, and the sexton looks at this scene in surprise.

The illustration by artist V. Taburin depicts the episode when Gerasim drowns Mumu. He crushes the dog to himself for the last time, looks at her with bitterness and says goodbye to her. And in the left hand there is already a stone prepared.

K. Trutovsky’s painting “The Benefactor” is not an illustration of this story, but it depicts a scene from the life of a house similar to the house of an old lady. The same ancient lady lies and sleeps in armchairs, the hanger-on takes care of her around her. On the right sits a young woman, a pupil or a poor relative of a rich lady, reading aloud from a thick book. It’s obvious that this book doesn’t interest her. Only a girl who sits on the floor and pets a dog finds the book fascinating. She listens intently. This picture is perfect for the character of the old lady from Turgenev's story.

Creative task

To page 244

Why did Gerasim go to the village? What did Turgenev want to tell the readers (to evoke sympathy, protest against the willfulness of the landowners, to show the strength of character and sense of dignity of the hero)? Prepare a discussion on this topic.

Gerasim was a serf peasant, later a janitor in a Moscow lady's house. But he retained the best spiritual and moral qualities of man, inner fortitude and fortitude. Turgenev writes about this especially expressively in the episode of Gerasim’s persecution. When Stepan began to dangle the stick in the hole in the door, the janitor opened the door himself: “Gerasim stood motionless on the threshold. The mass gathered at the foot of the stairs. Gerasim looked at all these little people in German caftans from above, resting his hands slightly on his hips; in his own reddish farmer’s shirt, he seemed like some kind of giant in front of them.” They had no desires of their own. They only did what the mistress wanted. Gerasim no longer wanted to live with these people in the lady’s house. He went to the village and began to live lonely, but honestly.

Phonochrestomathy

Page 224-225

1. How the actor reads the first lines of the story, telling about an old house with rickety balconies and the fate of its owner. What does he want to say about the fate of the old lady? Does the music that accompanies the reading match the nature of the story?

The actor reads the first lines of the story with a certain sadness and compassion, because he knows about the greedy and melancholy old age, loneliness. Yes, the music that accompanies the reading matches the nature of the story.

2. How does the actor’s intonation change when he talks about Gerasim? How does an actor convey the author’s attitude towards the hero of the work?

When the story reaches Gerasim, the voice perks up: it’s immediately clear that Gerasim is a good man, a fascinating person, unlike the lady. The actor reads about him with enthusiasm and a certain concern.

3. What new colors and tones does the reader find in order to convey to us the state of mind of Gerasim caring for a puppy?

When the actor reads episodes in which Gerasim takes care of a dog, a special softness appears in his voice, he is touched by the tiny creature together with Gerasim, laughs along with him.

The creator and actor have a negative attitude towards hangers-on, in some way they even mock him. This is expressed in the way the actor portrays their voices, in all their desire to please the lady with her changeable mood.

When retelling any work, you should give a brief description and name who its main characters are. “Mumu” is a story by the famous Russian writer I. Turgenev, which was written by him in 1852 and published two years later in the then popular magazine “Sovremennik”. An interesting fact is that this is one of the author’s most famous works, created during the period of his arrest. He had difficulty publishing and including the story in his collected works.

Gerasim

The success of the work largely depends on how well the main characters turned out to be lifelike and truthful. “Mumu” is a story based on a real incident in the writer’s family, or rather, in his mother’s house. Gerasim had his own prototype - the servant Andrei, nicknamed Mute. The same story happened to him as with his literary incarnation. This hero is a closed, unsociable person who, however, is distinguished by his hard work and efficiency. On the estate he is considered the best worker, his work skills are appreciated by everyone, including the old lady herself. This outwardly unsociable man had one weakness - he had sympathy for the maid Tatyana, whom he even wanted to marry.

Dog story

In many ways, the course of development of the plot of the work determines how the main characters behave in various situations. “Mumu” is a work whose meaning depends on the characters of the characters. Gerasim suffered his first loss when Tatyana, on the orders of the lady, was married to the drunken shoemaker Kapiton. After some time, he found some consolation in the fact that he had rescued and released a small puppy, whom he named Mumu. She was a very smart and devoted dog, whom everyone loved, but she was especially strongly attached to her owner, who was in her. The blow was even stronger for him when the old lady ordered to get rid of the dog because it once ruined her mood without obeying her. Gerasim carried out the order and drowned the dog, but after that he left his mistress’s Moscow house for his native village.

Tatiana

Half the success of the work is provided by the main characters. "Mumu" is a story that presents all the types of characters that were observed in a typical Russian estate of the mid-nineteenth century. The image of the young woman Tatiana in this regard is no exception. She is a poor, downtrodden servant who constantly suffers humiliation and mockery, from which only Gerasim’s protection saves her. In the lady's house she works as a laundress. The poor woman is so downtrodden that she unquestioningly follows the butler’s orders and pretends to be drunk in front of Gerasim so that he himself will abandon her. The trick was a success, but the janitor still retains sympathy for her and, when she leaves for the village, gives her a red scarf.

Gavrila

In the author's work, the main characters present a striking contrast to each other. “Mumu” by Turgenev is a story that is interesting because it presents a complete gallery of characters. The butler Gavrila is a simple, roguish man who is ready for any trick to achieve his goal. He is not an evil person in himself, but at the same time, in order to maintain calm in the house and please his mistress, he is ready for any tricks. So, it was he who came up with a trick, thanks to which he was able to separate Gerasim from Tatyana. He orders the janitor to drown the poor dog. These actions make him appear in the eyes of the readers.

Kapiton

It was a shoemaker on the old lady's estate. He turned out to be as colorful and vital as all the other main characters. “Mumu” by Turgenev is a story in which each character is remembered by the reader thanks to carefully written characters. Kapiton is, in his own way, a smart person; at one time he was even considered an educated person, but over the years he became an alcoholic and turned into a bitter drunkard. The lady tried to somehow rectify the situation by marrying him to Tatyana, but this does not save the situation. Kapiton finally becomes an alcoholic, and he and his wife are sent to the village.

Lady

In the work under consideration, the main characters play a large role. “Mumu” by Turgenev (the characterization of the story must necessarily include psychological portraits of the characters) is an essay that is based on the gradual disclosure of the inner world of the characters. In this regard, the old lady causes the most criticism, since her whims became the cause of the tragedy. According to the author, she was capricious, quick-tempered, and in addition, she had frequent mood swings. At the same time, she cannot be denied some thriftiness and management. So, she recognized Gerasim as a capable and hardworking worker, tried to somehow correct Kapiton, but her despotic habits did not lead to the desired result, since she was too stubborn and willful.

So, the main characters of Turgenev’s “Mumu” turned out to be very truthful and lifelike. The peasant has always been at the center of his work, and this work is the most convincing proof of this.

Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev was a brave author, whose works often came under careful review by censorship authorities. The story “Mumu,” known to every schoolchild today, was banned from publication for a long time. And if it weren’t for the author’s diplomatic skills, the world would never have known about this touching and tragic story.

History of creation

In the mid-50s of the XIX century. Turgenev was under house arrest, and then sent into exile for writing an obituary on the death of Gogol. While under the supervision of private bailiffs, in the spring of 1855 Turgenev wrote the story “Mumu”. He shares this thing with the family of the publisher Aksakov, who react positively to the work, but cannot publish it due to censorship protests. A year later, “Mumu” still appears in the Sovremennik magazine, which becomes the reason for the report of the official and the official reviewer of the magazine. Representatives of the censorship authorities are unhappy that the audience can feel compassion for the characters, and therefore do not allow the story to be distributed to other publications. And only in the spring of 1956, in the main department of censorship, after numerous petitions from Turgenev’s friends, a decision was made to include the decision to include “Muma” in the collected works of Ivan Sergeevich.

Analysis of the work

Story line

The story is based on real events that took place in the house of Turgenev’s mother in Moscow. The author tells about the life of a lady in whose service is the deaf-mute janitor Gerasim. The servant begins to court the washerwoman Tatyana, but the lady decides to marry her to her shoemaker. To resolve the situation, the lady’s butler invites Tatyana to appear drunk before Gerasim in order to turn him away from her. And this trick works.

A year later, the washerwoman and shoemaker leave for the village on the orders of the lady. Gerasim brings with him a puppy caught from the water and gives him the nickname Mumu. The lady is one of the last to learn about the presence of a dog in the yard and cannot establish a relationship with the animal. Having received an order to get rid of the dog, the butler tries to secretly sell Mumu, but she runs back to Gerasim. When the janitor receives information that the lady is unhappy, he goes to the pond, where he drowns the dog, and he decides to return to his village, and not to the lady’s house in the capital.

Main characters

The real prototype of the character was Varvara Turgeneva's servant Andrei Nemoy. The author paints an image of a reserved person who is unusually hardworking and has a fairly positive attitude towards people. This village peasant was capable of the most real feelings. Despite his external power and gloominess, Gerasim retained the ability to love and keep his word.

Tatiana

This portrait of a young servant includes all the features of a typical woman from a 19th century Russian estate. Downtrodden, unhappy, without her own opinion, this heroine receives protection only during the period of Gerasim’s love. Having no moral right and no real opportunity to contradict her mistress, Tatyana with her own hands ruins her chances for a happy destiny.

Gavrila

(The butler Gavrila on the right in the illustration)

The butler in the story appears as a simple-minded and stupid little man who, through ingratiation, strives to stay in the black and find benefits for himself. It cannot be said that Turgenev portrays Gavrila’s character as evil, but his direct role in the death of the dog and the destruction of the lives of Tatyana and Gerasim leaves a significant negative imprint on the perception of him as a person.

Kapiton

(The footman Kapiton in the illustration stands on the left next to the seated Gavrila)

The image of a shoemaker can be described as a portrait of an educated lackey. This person considers himself smart, but at the same time does not have the proper willpower and high aspirations in life. Ultimately, he turns into a drunkard and a slacker, whom even marriage cannot change.

Of all the characters in Mumu, the elderly lady is the main negative character. It is her actions and decisions that lead to a series of suffering and irreversible tragedies. Turgenev describes this heroine as a capricious and hot-tempered woman who is stubborn and capricious in her desire to decide the destinies of other people. The only positive traits of the lady can be considered her thriftiness and ability to manage the house.

Conclusion

The story “Mumu” by Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev cannot be considered a simple work about the hardship of peasant life. This is a philosophical text that helps the reader understand the issues of good and evil, hatred and love, unity and separation. The writer pays great attention to the issue of human attachment and the importance of the presence of loved ones, both in the lives of the rich and in the lives of the poor.

The lady's most faithful servant was the butler Gavrila. He tried to fulfill her every whim in order to please the wayward mistress. His job is to keep order in the house, and the other servants are obliged to obey him unquestioningly. Every day at the appointed time he came to the lady with a report.

All that is known about the butler’s appearance is that he has “yellow eyes and a duck nose.” He is characterized by such qualities as cowardice, obedience, cunning, resourcefulness and at the same time stupidity. At the same time, he does not tolerate frivolity, for which he scolded Tatyana’s husband.

This minor character is portrayed as a rogue and slippery type. Currying favor with the lady, he thinks only about his own benefit and secretly steals everything. He doesn't care about the feelings of others. When the lady decides to marry her washerwoman Tatyana to the drunken shoemaker Kapiton Klimov, knowing full well that the janitor Gerasim is in love with her, Gavrila came up with a cunning way to make him disgusted with his beloved. The butler knew that Gerasim did not like drunk people, and forced Tatyana to pretend to be “drunk” in front of him. This vile act broke the janitor's heart.

After some time, Gavrila, fulfilling another order of the lady, again hurt Gerasim. He secretly sold his beloved puppy named Mumu, who annoyed his owner. But the dog returned. Then the butler began to put pressure on the janitor. Unable to bear it, Gerasim decided to drown his pet himself, and then left this house for his native village. This act of the butler angered the mistress, because she ordered to simply get rid of the animal, and not kill it. Gavrila, because of his stupidity and fear of not pleasing his mistress, took this order literally, which led to the tragic end of the story.

Despite this, Gavrila cannot be called evil, because he did not deliberately want to harm anyone. He simply tried to do his job well and listened to the mistress who intimidated him and the other servants. He can only be called a coward, because, unlike Gerasim, he could not resist her arbitrariness and did not dare to contradict her, even realizing that by his actions he was depriving other people of happiness and ruining the life of an innocent dog.

The story “Mumu”, which belongs to such a direction as critical realism, presents a variety of heroes, with the help of which Ivan Sergeevich Turgenev demonstrates and exposes the main vices inherent in serfdom. The author boldly condemns this way of life, so the work was forbidden to be published for a long time.

It is believed that this tragic story is based on real events that he saw in the Moscow house of his mother Varvara Petrovna Turgeneva. She became the prototype of a lady who unceremoniously interferes in the lives of her servants, bringing the situation to the point of arbitrariness, and at the same time firmly believes that she is doing good.

Essay on the theme of Gavril (Mumu)

Turgenev paints in his story the image of a typical butler - Gavrila. He is a little servile with his mistress and quite strict with the rest of his subordinates. Such people love hierarchy and obey this order, so Gavrilo Andreevich accepts his own role, which he corresponds to both externally and with all his heart.

Gavrilo seems to me to be a rather unhappy person, although he himself does not understand his own misfortune. He is genuinely cruel to others and seeks his own gain, often by creating misfortune for others. Of course, he is a simple man, of which there are many, but he is clearly not a moral ideal, and on the contrary, he is the opposite of this ideal.

Perhaps even this hero represents the opposite of Gerasim, who can feel, has a heartfelt responsibility to others, and is sensitive to this world. Gavrila destroys Gerasim's happiness for his own benefit, he separates Gerasim and Tatyana, and orders Mumu to be drowned. Such actions can even be called sadistic, but in fact, such behavior is typical of many “ordinary” people, and Turgenev talks about this in his story.

Characteristic is the difference between the positions of Gavrila and Gerasim. On the one hand, Gavrila is quite accomplished (by the standards of a common man), and on the other hand, poor Gerasim, who is at the same time quite rich spiritually and Gavrila will never gain such wealth.

The butler is afraid of his mistress, he has small and yellow eyes - a mirror of the soul, probably also petty and sick. After all, yellowness is the color of melancholy and illness. This hero is clearly not spiritually healthy, although, in general, he seems to be a normal part of his society. Thus, the character is clearly negative and through him the author reveals the vices of many people, negative character traits that often manifest themselves in ordinary people: anger, deceit, servility.

Gavrila accumulates only material wealth and does not think about her own soul. He stores various supplies and items in chests in the room. He gets all this from the young lady, whom he fawns over, but at the same time he carries out various frauds with his companion Lyubov Lyubimovna - by the way, a characteristic name that indicates the opposite, because there is no love in this person.

Option 3

Gavrilo Andreevich is a minor character in Turgenev’s story “Mumu”. He is the old lady's most faithful servant, serving as the butler in the house. Judging by his yellow eyes and duck nose, he is the mirror of a soul, most likely insignificant and weak, fate itself determined to become a person in charge. He, like other servants, is afraid of the old lady, does not argue with her, listens to everything and tries to please, and also goes to her every day to report. His job is to keep order in the house, and the rest of the servants, whom he does not treat in the most affectionate manner, are obliged to obey him unquestioningly. Together with the hanger-on Lyubov Lyubimovna, they keep track of the products and steal them behind the lady’s back. Gavrila Andreevich’s room, located in the outbuilding, is all cluttered with forged chests, in which, perhaps, there are things that he acquired from the young lady, together with Lyubov Lyubimovna. The character's wife's name is Ustinya Fedorovna.

Gavrilo has such character qualities as humility, timidity, cunning, savvy and simplicity. At the same time, he does not like carelessness, for which he scolded Tatyana’s husband. Turgenev portrayed him as a swindler and a deceiver. While currying favor with the lady, he does not worry about anyone but himself. When the lady gives the washerwoman Tatyana in marriage to the drunkard shoemaker Kapiton Klimov, Gavrila knew that the janitor Gerasim loved her, and forced the washerwoman to pretend that she was drunk, playing on the fact that Gerasim does not like drunks. Some time later, fulfilling the next order of the lady, the butler sold Mumu, the favorite puppy of the janitor Gerasim. However, when the dog returns, the butler began to put pressure on Gerasim, and he himself drowned the pet and returned to his village. This angered the owner, because she wanted to get rid of the dog, and not poison it, but Gavrila, out of stupidity and fear of not pleasing the owner, took the order literally, and brought the story to a tragic end.

However, the butler cannot be called evil, since he did not want to harm anyone consciously, but simply wanted to carry out the order well and obeyed the mistress, who intimidated not only Gavrila, but also all the serfs. However, Gavrila can be called a coward, since, unlike Gerasim, he is not able to resist the mistress’s arbitrariness and did not dare to contradict her, even realizing that he was destroying the happiness of other people and taking the life of an innocent dog. Material wealth is more important to him than his own soul. Gavrila is a negative character through whom the author shows the vices of people and the negative traits of their character

This work belongs to the section of ancient Russian literature. Many philologists admit that “The Teachings of Vladimir Monomakh” stands apart in relation to other ancient Russian works.

Every person living in Russia should know their history so as not to repeat past mistakes and know the structure of society. War, so much is included in the meaning of this word. Grief, sadness, loss, togetherness

One cannot argue with the fact that water is vital for humanity and all living things. Without water, all plants will die. This will lead to a lack of oxygen, the main condition for life will disappear

Characteristics of Gavrila from Mumu

Answers:

Gavrila carried out all the orders of his mistress and handed the muma to Stepan. I was drawing up advice on how to make Gerasim fall in love with Tatyana. All her slightest whims were fulfilled. He is quick-witted, organized, responsible, obedient to his lady. Stepan is merciless, cruel and unable to understand all of Gerasim’s deep feelings. He is like a traitor towards the dog: he sells it, helps and tells him how to get Gerasim out of the closet. Cunning, arrogant, that's all. I don't like him.

A written story about the characters living in the house of the lady from “Mumu” ​​by I. Turgenev. The main characters of "Mumu": brief characteristics Chief butler Gavrila from Mumu characteristics

Creative task

Gerasim

Dog story

Tatiana

Gavrila

Kapiton

Lady

History of creation

Analysis of the work

Story line

Main characters

Tatiana

Gavrila

Kapiton

Conclusion

Essay on the theme of Gavril (Mumu)

Option 3

Answers:

A written story about the characters living in the house of the lady from “Mumu” by I. Turgenev. The main characters of "Mumu": brief characteristics Chief butler Gavrila from Mumu characteristics